TIAMA (Entandrophragma angolense)
Trade Name
Tiama
Scientific Name
Entandrophragma angolense C.DC.
Family
MELIACEAE
Common Names
Gedur-nohor (Nigeria); Tiama (Côte d`Ivoire); Gedur-nohor (United Kingdom); M'vovo (Zaire); Zizia; Zize-plehi; Tshimaye blanc; Tshimaie tsitoke; Timbi; Tiama-tiama; Penkwa; Ounabo; Njilei; Muyovu; Lukru; Lokobo; Krobra; Kikura; Keguigo; Kahiguigo; Jebu mahogany; Ipaki; Ijebu; Gedu nohor; Gedu noha; Gedu lohor; Eyin igedu; Esaka; Egin-igedu; Dukuma; Dubo; Digbo; Budongo mahogany; Brown mahogany tiama; Bodongo; Baka-biraingui; Baeko; Acajou tiama; Abenbegne; Kalungi (Zaire); Gedu-nohor (United Kingdom); Acuminata (Germany); Tiama-mahagoni (Germany); Mukusu (Uganda); Vovo (Zaire); Lifaki (Zaire); Acuminata (Angola); Livuite (Angola); Kiluka (Congo); Abeubegne (Gabon); Dongomanguila (Equatorial Guinea); Gedu-nohor (Nigeria); Edinam (Ghana); Tiama
Scientific Name Synonyms
Swietenia angolensis Welw. ex C.DC.; Entandrophragma macrophyllum A. Chev.; Entandrophragma leplaei Vermoes.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
The tree reaches a height of 50 m. The bole is moderately straight and cylindrical, up to 20 to 26 m in length. It attains a diameter of 130 up to 230 cm over the large buttresses and wide-spreading root ridges.
Natural Habitat
Entandrophragma angolense is found in the rain and deciduous forests and also in transitional formations.
Natural Distribution
West, Central and East Africa
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Brown-colored deposits in heartwood vessels. Non-vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation pl Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma confluent unilateral paratracheal. Occasionally prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays non-storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane
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Wood Micro Photo Of Transversal Section
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The sapwood is whitish or pinkish, it has a thickness of 10 cm. The heartwood is red-brown, darkening slightly on exposure, it is clearly demarcated. The silver figure is fine.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
4
Grain
Straight or slightly interlocked, sometimes with an influence on further processing operations.
Texture
Texture is reported to be medium to coarse.
Luster
This species is low in luster.
Natural Durability
Slightly durable to decay. This species needs preservative treatment for uses with risks of occasional re-humidification. It is not suited for uses with risks of permanent or long-lasting humidification. Sensible to termites attack. The heartwood is resistant
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
6
Internal Growth Stresses
Residual stresses are reported to be absent.
Silica Content
Silica Content: Negligible content of silica is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.01
Resistance To Impregnation
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.52
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.57
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
7.3
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.7
Drying Defects
Drying Defects: Risk of warping.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
FR-9
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.6
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
858
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
114612
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
507
Compression perpendicular to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
63
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
74
Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)
393
Janka hardness (end grain) 12%MC (kgf)
498
Workability
Sawing
It is easy to saw.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Sliced Veneer
Suitable for slicing, also suitable for peeling if treated.
Blunting Effect
Slight blunting effect; ordinary tools can be used for sawing and machining.
Machining
Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Planing
Easy; no particular problems.
Moulding
Easy; no particular problems.
Turning
30
Boring
Easy; no particular problems.
Mortising
Easy; no particular problems.
Nailing
No particular problem.
Gluing
Glues well if basic gluing technical rules are followed.
Sanding
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Polishing
Can be polished without surface preparation.
Steam Bending
This species can be used for steam bending.
Response To Hand Tools
No particular problems.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, beams, joists, boards, flooring, parquet, frames, steps, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, ornaments, turned furniture, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boat deck, port storage
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Beams
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Joists
- 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Flooring
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Frames
- 16 - Woods of the World
Steps
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneling
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Fittings
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Furniture, Luxury
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Cabinet
- 24 - Empire Timbers
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Faces
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Decorative veneer
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Turning
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Ornaments
- 31 - Embassy of Colombia in Japan
Turned Articles
- 32 - Embassy of Cote d`Ivoire in Japan
Shipbuilding
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Boat Decking
- 59 - Programa Nacional de uso Sostenible de los Bosques e Incremento a las Exportaciones.
Port Storage
- 62 - Estudio Tecnológico de Maderas del Perú (Zona Pucallpa) Vol I
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