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VIROLA (Virola reidii)

Trade Name

Virola

Scientific Name

Virola reidii Little

Family

MYRISTICACEAE

Common Names

Cumala Blanca (Peru); Pintri (Surinam); Cumala (Peru); Moulomba (Guyana); Shempo (Ecuador); Chaliviande (Ecuador); Nuanamo (Colombia); Sebo (Colombia); Ucuuba (Brazil); Colorado; Camaticaro (Venezuela); Otivo (Venezuela); Baboen (Surinam); Cajuea (Trinidad & Tobago); Cuajo (Venezuela); Palo De Sangre; Sangrino (Venezuela); Cumala Colorada (Peru); Sangre; Birma; Bicuiba Branca (Brazil); Yayamadou (Guyana); Ucuhuba (Brazil); Virola (Brazil); Tapsava; Dalli (Guyana); Banak; Ucuuba Vermelha (Brazil); Virola (Ecuador); Nuánamo (Colombia); Otobo (Colombia); Sebo (Colombia)

Description Of The Tree

Botanical Description

This species attains an average height of 30 m, and an average trunk diameter over the buttresses of 60 cm. The tree usually develops a straight and clear bole with commercial lengths of 15 m.

Natural Habitat

Virola reidii is found in the tropical rain forests. It is also found in the "guandal" forests in the Pacific coasts of Colombia.

Natural Distribution

V. reidii is reported to grow in Brazil, Colombia and Ecuador.

Wood Identification

Anatomic Description Of Wood

Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Scalariform perforation plates with 5 bars or les Axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-II). Fibers very thin walled. Occasionally septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits. Fibers storied.

  • Wood Macro Photo Tangential Plane

Availability

Cites Status

Unrestricted

General Wood Description

Odor

It has a typical aromatic smell when freshly cut.

Color

The sapwood is pinkish white, changing gradually into pale brown

COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)

4

Grain

Straight grain is reported in this species.

Texture

The wood is mostly coarse in texture.

Luster

Luster is reported to be moderate.

Natural Durability

It is easily attacked by fungi or termites. It is reported to be also attacked by Lyctus.

Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)

5

Resistance To Impregnation

This species is reported to be easy to preserve.

Wood Physical Properties

Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)

0.45

Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)

0.48

Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

10.5

Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)

5.6

Drying Defects

Ease of Drying: It is reported to be easy to air and kiln dry.

Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule

UK-C; US-T3-C2; JUNAC-A

Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)

1.9

Wood Chemical Properties

Wood Mechanical Properties

Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)

1080

Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

154000

Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

475

Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)

92

Janka hardness (side) 12%MC (kgf)

385

Workability

Sawing

Sawing of this species is reported to be rather easy.

Rotary Veneer Cutting

Lamination of this species is possible.

Sliced Veneer

Lamination of this species is possible.

Machining

Wood processing is reported to be easy.

Planing

Planing of this species is reported to be easy.

Moulding

Molding is reported to be easy.

Boring

It is easy to bore.

Sanding

It is easy to sand.

Finishing

This species is reported to be easy to finish.

Response To Hand Tools

This species is easy to work with hand tools.

REFERENCED USES

End Uses Summary

HOUSING GENERAL, joists, boards, fittings, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, PACKING, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, moldings

General Housing
  • 10 - Silica in Timbers
Joists
  • 12 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part I-Tropical American Species
Boards
  • 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Fittings
  • 19 - Silica in Timbers
Panels, Veneers
  • 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Packing
  • 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Handcraft
  • 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molding
  • 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão

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