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WHITE SIRIS (Ailanthus integrifolia)
Trade Name
White siris
Scientific Name
Ailanthus integrifolia Lamk
Family
SIMAROUBACEAE
Common Names
Kayu ruris (Indonesia); Malasapsap (Philippines); Pohon langit (Indonesia); Ai lanit (Indonesia)
Scientific Name Synonyms
Ailanthus peekelii Melch.; Ailanthus moluccana DC.; Ailanthus blancoi Merr.
Description Of The Tree
Botanical Description
It is a large tree up to 60 m tall. The bole is branchless for up to 85 cm in diameter.
Natural Habitat
This species occurs in primary rain forests, up to 900 m of altitude.
Wood Identification
Anatomic Description Of Wood
Wood diffuse porous. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Tyloses common. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Intervessel pits small, 7 micras Axial parenchyma winged aliform (uni or bilateral winged). Axial parenchyma confluent. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 3 to 4 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma in narrow bands on lines up to 3 cells wide. Rays less than 4 per mm (rare). Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Fibers very thin walled. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Availability
Cites Status
Unrestricted
General Wood Description
Color
The heartwood is yellowish-white to pale brown and not distinctly demarcated from the sapwood.
COLOR INDEX (1=Black, 7=Light yellow,white)
6
Grain
The grain is straight to shallowly interlocked.
Texture
The texture of this species is reported as moderately coarse.
Natural Durability
The wood is non-durable, prone to staining.
Natural durability index (1= Very high durability, 7=Vey low durability)
5
Resistance To Impregnation
The timber is reported to respond very well to preservative treatment.
Wood Physical Properties
Basic Density or Specific Gravity (O.D. weight/vol. green) (g/cm³)
0.3585695867
Air-dry Density (Weight and volume at 12%MC) (g/cm³)
0.38
Total shrinkage Tangential (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
8.1
Total shrinkage Radial (Saturated to 0%MC) (%)
4.2
Drying Defects
Ease of Drying: Drying is slow and rather difficult. Boards of 15 mm thick take about 3 months to air dry. Drying Defects: Resin exudation is reported to be common, especially when drying at high temperatures. It is prone to cupping, bowing, springing and end checking. Usually there is little splitting, surface checking, staining and insect attack during drying. Kiln Schedules: Schedule proposed for Apitong.
Recommended Dry Kiln Schedule
US-43-33
Dimensional stability ratio (Total Tangential Shrinkage %/Total Radial Shrinkage %)
1.9
Wood Chemical Properties
Wood Mechanical Properties
Bending Strength (MOR),12%MC (kgf/cm²)
632
Stiffness (MOE) 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
92372
Compression parallel to fiber 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
367
Shear strength radial 12%MC (kgf/cm²)
56
Workability
Sawing
Wood of this species is easy to cut.
Rotary Veneer Cutting
Lamination of this species is possible, but it might yield fuzzy surfaces.
Sliced Veneer
Lamination of this species is possible, but it might yield fuzzy surfaces.
Machining
Wood processing is reported to be easy.
Nailing
Easy to nail, with good nail holding characteristics.
Polishing
Polishing of this species is reportedly easy.
REFERENCED USES
End Uses Summary
HOUSING GENERAL, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, cores, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches, shingle, moldings
General Housing
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Furniture Cabinets
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Panels, Veneers
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Cores
- 27 - Embassy of Brazil in Japan
Handcraft
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Shoes
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Matches
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Shingles
- 77 - Amazonian Timbers, Characteristics and Utilization Volume I; Tapajós National Forest
Molding
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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