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AZOBé (Lophira alata)
Nombre comercial
Azobé
Nombre científico (con autor)
Lophira alata Banks
Familia
OCHNACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Azobe (Côte d`Ivoire); Yasua; Umpenek; Umawerek; Red oak; Red ironwood; Prenkebi; Pone; Plu; Parapara; Ozobe; Otugba; Oteng; Okut; Okoka; Okoga; Okoa; Okikopom; Nokue; Ngohou ibenga; Namijin-kadai; N`goule; Meni oil tree; Malah; Liku; Lihos; Kyirebente; Kyirafunti; Kyere; Kunu; Kotublassu; Kokank; Kekrefunde; K`deng; Ironpost; Ipawhaw; Gue; Faboy; Esire; Enwan; Endui; Eleba; Ebba; Bokoka; Belengbe; Bankile; Asore; Akpakpla; Akogo; Akogka; African oak; A koura; Bongossi (Germany); Endwi (Sierra Leone); Aba (Nigeria); Eba (Nigeria); Esore (Côte d`Ivoire); Bakundu (Cameroon); Ekki (United Kingdom); Bonkole (Germany); Akoga (Equatorial Guinea); Bonkole (Congo); Akoga (Gabon); Bongossi (Cameroon); Ekki (Nigeria); Kaku (Ghana); Hendui (Sierra Leone); Azobe
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Lophira tholloni Tiegh.; Lophira spatulata Tiegh.; Lophira simplex G. Don; Lophira procera A. Chev.; Lophira macrophylla Tiegh.; Lophira barteri Tiegh.; Lophira africana Banks ex G. Don
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The tree reaches a height of 50 m, with trunk diameters up to 150 cm. The bole is usually straight, clear and cylindrical up to 30 m long. Not buttressed, but sometimes it is swollen at the base.
Hábitat natural
Lophira alata is a pioneer species and occurs abundantly in wet evergreen forest. It is reported to grow in evergreen and moist deciduous forests, freshwater swamp forests, and close to riverbanks. It is known or inferred that the harvesting of specimens
Distribución natural
West Africa.
Existencia de plantaciones?
It has been planted in Cote d`Ivoire since 1926; it is a long rotation species for plantation. The duration of the rotation is 50 years, to reach 60 cm in diameter.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Occasionally vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vestured pits. Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel- Axial parenchyma in continuous tangential lines or fine bands. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. Prismatic crystals in short chains in chambered axial parenchyma cells. Over 9 cells per parenchyma strand. Axial parenchyma bands more Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays non-storied. Rays commonly 2 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Non-septate fibers. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Color
The sapwood is pale pink, it has a thickness of 5 cm. The heartwood is dark red to purple-brown, white deposits in the pores, it is clearly demarcated.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
2
Grano
The grain is slightly but systematically interlocked; special care is needed when drying because of frequent risks of distortion.
Veta
The wood is mostly coarse in texture.
Durabilidad Natural
Durable to decay; this species can be utilized without preservative treatment for exterior joinery or similar uses. Resistant to termites attack. Heartwood is resistant to Lyctus attacks.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
1
Internal growth stresses
No growth stresses are reported in this species.
Contenido de sílice
Silica Content: Negligible content of silica is reported. Amounts over 0.05% may affect wood processing. Silica Value: 0.03
Dificultad para impregnar
Nearly impossible to treat with a too much low penetration of the preservative substances.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.91
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
1.06
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
10.3
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
7.3
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: Drying is moderately easy; some particular care is needed. Drying Defects: Risks of distortions when interlocked grain is present. Kiln Schedules: The kiln schedule has been tested.
Calendario de Secado
FR-13
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.4
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1654
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
218336
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
975
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
151
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
148
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
1429
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
1389
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
Sawing of this species requires powerful equipment.
Corte de chapa rotativa
Not suitable for veneering.
Chapa tranchada
Not suitable for veneering.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Moderate blunting effect; stellited blades for sawing and carbide tools for machining are advised.
Maquinado general
It needs powerful tools for processing. Possible difficulties caused by interlocked grain are reported.
Cepillado
Rather difficult; special tools are needed.
Moldurado
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Taladrado
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Escopleado, caja y espiga
Moderately easy; tools must be cautiously sharpened.
Clavado
Pre-boring is necessary.
Encolado
Difficult to glue because of high density.
Lijado
Easy to perform; it gives good results.
Sacar lustre
Needs pre-coating.
Doblar al vapor
Steam bending is difficult.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
Working with hand tools is difficult.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, poles, paling, stakes posts, rails, crossarms, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, beams, flooring, parquet, CONTAINERS, cooperage, truck bodies, truck flooring
EXTERIOR GENERAL
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Puentes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Postes de transmisión
- 3 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas do genipapo (Genipa americana)
Poste de palizada
- 4 - Estudo dendrologico e determinacao das caracteristicas fisicas e mecanicas da bicuiba
Postes cerca
- 5 - Propriedades fisicas e mecanicas da madeira e do contraplacado de Pinus elliottii
Barandilla
- 6 - Physical and mechanical properties of Eucalyptus deglupta Blume grown in Costa Rica
Crucetas
- 7 - Maderas latinoamericanas. II, Quercus alata Q. costaricensis y Q. eugeniaefolia
Durmientes
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Pilotes
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VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
vigas
- 11 - Prospect: The wood database
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Parquet
- 15 - Empire Timbers
Duelas toneles
- 51 - Recopilacion de propiedades mecanicas de maderas creciendo en Chile
Carrocería de camión
- 53 - Timbers of the New World
Pisos de vagones_contenedores
- 54 - Bulletin of the Government Forest Experiment Station N.157: Identification of Tropical Woods
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