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CHANUL (Humiria balsamifera)
Nombre comercial
Chanul
Nombre científico (con autor)
Humiria balsamifera Aubl.
Familia
HUMIRIACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Umiry de cheiro (Brazil); Umiry de casca cheiro (Brazil); Umiry (Brazil); Umiri balsamo (Brazil); Turi; Turanira; Turamira; Triane; Toweroenierou; Towaronero; Tourameira; Tawanangro; Tauroniro; Tabaniro; Swietimerie; Racine; Quera; Omiry; Olorosa; Nino; Nina; Nieri; Meri; Kierie-ma; Houmiri boumier; Houmiri; Homiry; Gommier de montagne; Gomier de montagne; Couranoura; Couranira; Couramira; Caramura; Boume houmiri; Bois rouge; Bois d`encens; Bois a flambeau; Blackaberie; Bhoso; Bastard bully; Bastard bulletwood; Bastard bolletrie; Basra bolletrie; Bakabe-ie; Aneichi ou dou; Humiry (Brazil); Touroniro (Guyana); Niño (Venezuela); Quinilla (Perú); Querá (Colombia); Chilco (Colombia); Oloroso (Colombia); Chanul (Colombia); Umiri (Brazil)
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Myrodendrum amplexicaule Willd.; Humirium balsamiferum Benth.; Humiria balsamifera St. Hilare
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
The trees are reported to be large, reaching heights of up to 35 m, with trunk diameters of up to 130 cm. The boles are cylindrical, with commercial lengths of about 15 m.
Hábitat natural
Humiria balsamifera is reported to prefer light sandy soils, it is a dominant in the marshy forests of Guyana. It grows in the savanna forests in Surinam.
Distribución natural
The geographical range of the species is reported to include the Guyanas, Colombia, Venezuela, and the Brazilian Amazon.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels exclusively solitary (over 90%). Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 100 to 150 micras (small). Vessels per mm2 10 to 20 (abundant). Scalariform perforation plates with 5 to 15 bars. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in Occasionally axial parenchyma absent or extremely rare, non visible with magnifying glass (8x). Apotracheal axial parenchyma diffuse and/or diffuse in aggregates. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Occasionally axial parenchyma aliform. Rays more than 10 per mm (abundant). Rays 1 to 2 seriate. Occasionally prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Heterogeneous rays and/or multiseriate heterogeneous rays. Body ray cells procumbent with mostly 2 to 4 rows of upright and/or square marginal cells (K Fibers with distinctly bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
Odor and taste are reported to be indistinct.
Color
The sapwood is not clearly distinct. The heartwood varies from light brown to reddish brown in color.
Grano
The grain is straight to interlocked.
Veta
The wood is of medium texture.
Brillo
Luster is reported to be medium.
Durabilidad Natural
It is very resistant to white-rot fungi and dry-wood termites, and moderately resistant to brown-rot fungi. The resistance against marine borers attack is low.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
2
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.83
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.95
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
7.8
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.9
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.6
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
1580
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
199286
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
842
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
174
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
147
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
969
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
1366
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
The behavior of this species in sawing is considered to be fair. Power is required in sawing.
Corte de chapa rotativa
Slicing of this species is possible.
Chapa tranchada
Slicing of this species is possible.
Pérdida de filo_romado
It has a moderate blunting effect on the cutting tools.
Maquinado general
Power tools are required due to interlocked grain. This wood is moderately difficult to work in most machining operations.
Cepillado
Material with interlocked grain may chip considerably in planing.
Torneado
30
Clavado
This species is reported to have a good nailing behavior.
Encolado
The timber is reported to glue well.
Lijado
Sanding operations are rated as fairly difficult.
Acabado
Finishing of this wood is good.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
EXTERIOR GENERAL, bridges, crossties, piers, HOUSING GENERAL, flooring, steps, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, TURNING, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION
EXTERIOR GENERAL
- 1 - Tabela de resultados de ensaios fisicos e mecanicos
Puentes
- 2 - 25 madeiras da amazonia de valor comercial, caracterizacao, macroscopica, usos comuns e indices qualificativos
Durmientes
- 8 - Maderas latinoamericas. III, Podocarpus standleyi ,Podocarpus oleifolius, Drims granadensis, Magnolia poasana y Didymopanax pittieri
Pilotes
- 9 - Maderas latinoamericanas. IV, Nectandra sp. Ocotea austinii, Persea sp. aff. vesticula, Persea schiedeana
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
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