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MAHOGANY, CAOBA, MARA (Swietenia macrophylla)
Nombre comercial
Mahogany, Caoba, Mara
Nombre científico (con autor)
Swietenia macrophylla King
Familia
MELIACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Zopilozontecomacuahuitl; Zopilote; Zopilocuahuitl; Venezuela mahogany; Tzutzul; Tabasco mahogany; Sisam; Resadillo; Red wood; Red cedar; Punab; Palo xopilote; Mogno do rio Jurupari; Mahogany Honduras; Madeira; Guatemala mahogany; Flor de veradillo; Costa Rica mahogany; Chiapas; Chacalte; Central American mahogany; Cedro-rana; Caoba de Honduras; Campeche; Broad-leaved mahogany; Brazilian mahogany; Big-leafed mahogany; Bay-mahogany; Bastard lime; Aquano de tabasco; Acajou du Honduras; Caoba (Perú); Palo Zopilote; Orura; Mara (Bolivia); Mahogany; Honduras Mahogany; Cobano; Chiculte; Caobilla; Caoba De Atlántico; Caguano; Bigleaf Mahogany; Big Leafed Mahogany; Belize Mahogany; Aguano (Brazil); Acajou Amerique; Acajou; Mogno (Brazil); Perúvian Mahogany; Grootblad Mahogany; Large Leaved Mahogany; Bay Mahogany; Tzopilote; Mahonie; Granadillo; Gateado; Flor De Venadillo; Crura; Cuban Mahogany; Central America Mahogany; Chiculti; Cedro Espinoso; Cedro Cebollo; Cedro Carmesi; Caoba Roja; Caoba Americana; Caoba Mahogany; Caoba Hondurena; Cabano; Acajou D`Amerique; Aguano De Tabasco; Baywood; Araputanga (Brazil); Acajou Blanc; American Mahogany
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Swietenia krukovii Gleason; Swietenia candollei Pittier; Swietenia belizensis Lundell
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
It can reach a height of 35 m, with a diameter of 130 cm or more, but more commonly about 80 to 100 cm. The bole is cylindrical and straight, free of branches to about 15 to 20 m. presents well developed buttresses.
Hábitat natural
Swietenia macrophylla is widely distributed in the Amazon basin, on terra firme forests. It prefers clayey soils. The level of exploitation has led to the exhaustion of supplies. particularly in the northern parts of its range. It is listed as endangered b
Distribución natural
It is found from Central America to tropical South America. In Brazil it is reported to be more abundant in the south of Para state.
Existencia de plantaciones?
S. macrophylla is planted all over the tropics. Plantations are reported in Fiji, Solomon Islands, Malaysia, Philippines, India, Nigeria and Sierra Leone.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 150 to 200 micras (medium). Colored deposits in heartwood vessels. White deposits in heartwood vessels. Vessels per mm2 6 to 10 (medium). Simple perforatio Axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Paratracheal axial parenchyma scanty and/or vasicentric. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in non-chambered axial parenchyma cells. 5 to 8 cells per parenchyma strand. 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays storied. Rays 1 to 4 seriate. Prismatic crystals in the ray cells. Body ray cells procumbent with one row of upright and/or square marginal cells (Kribs-III). Septate fibers present. Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Listed in CITES II
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
Odor and taste are reported to be indistinct.
Color
The sapwood is distinct but not clearly demarcated from the heartwood. The heartwood is reddish or pinkish brown when freshly cut, turning into a deep rich red brown color after exposure.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
4
Grano
The grain is straight to slightly interlocked. Depending on the cut, it often produces a highly attractive figure.
Veta
The texture is fine or medium, and uniform.
Brillo
The surface of the wood is naturally high in luster.
Durabilidad Natural
It has high durability, and is resistant to brown and white rot fungi. It is moderately resistant to dry-wood termites, but susceptible to marine borer attack.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
2
Internal growth stresses
Tension wood may be present, and may contribute to high longitudinal shrinkage.
Dificultad para impregnar
This species is reported to be impermeable.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.52
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.56
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
4.5
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
3.2
Defectos por secado
Ease of Drying: It is reported to air season rapidly. Drying Defects: Moderate warping and surface checking. In Venezuela a tendency to collapse and twist is also reported. Kiln Schedules: Slow drying is recommended.
Calendario de Secado
UK-F; US-T6-D4
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
1.4
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
878
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
99530
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
481
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
70
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
96
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
370
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
495
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
The wood offers small cutting resistance.
Corte de chapa rotativa
S. macrophylla can be used for slicing and peeling (thermal treatment recommended).
Chapa tranchada
S. macrophylla can be used for slicing and peeling (thermal treatment recommended).
Pérdida de filo_romado
The wood has slight blunting effect on cutting edges.
Cepillado
It is easy to plane, occasionally the grain may chip and tear.
Moldurado
The wood is reported to respond well to ordinary machine tools in molding.
Torneado
30
Taladrado
Boring properties are rated as good.
Escopleado, caja y espiga
The timber responds readily to ordinary tools in mortising operations.
Clavado
The timber is reported to have good nailing properties.
Encolado
This species is easy to glue.
Lijado
Sanding operations are reported to be fairly easy.
Acabado
It gives an excellent finish.
Barnizado
The wood takes stains well.
Recubrimientos
Varnishing qualities are reported to be good.
Sacar lustre
The wood polishes rather well.
Doblar al vapor
Steam bending properties are rated as fairly good.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
The wood is reported to respond well to hand tools.
Especies sustitutas
The following African species are also known as Mahogany: Khaya ivorensis , K. anthotheca , K. grandifolia , and K. senegalensis
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, flooring, frames, steps, panelling, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, luxury furniture, cabinets, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, lasts, BENDING, chairs, tennis rackets, SPORTS, table tennis, NAVAL CONSTRUCTION, boats, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, guitar, handicrafts, moldings
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Pisos
- 14 - Handbook of Hardwoods
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Peldaños
- 17 - Tree Conservation Database
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles finos
- 22 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section IV-Asian and Oceanian Woods
Gabinetes
- 24 - Empire Timbers
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
Hormas zapato
- 34 - Embassy of Indonesia in Japan
Curvado
- 35 - Embassy of Myanmar in Japan
Sillas
- 36 - Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Panama
Raquetas tenis
- 37 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
IMPLEMENTOS DEPORTIVOS
- 38 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
Pin-pong
- 41 - Embassy of the Philippines
CONSTRUCCIÓN NAVAL
- 55 - Tropical Timber Atlas of Latin America
Botes
- 56 - Manual de Identificación de Especies Forestales de la Subregión Andina.
OTROS E INSTRUMENTOS MUSICALES
- 63 - Madeiras do Brazil II
Guitarra
- 65 - Maderas latinoamericanas VI. Bursera simaruba. Poulsenia armata, Pterocarpus officinalis y Ficus werckleana
artesanía
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Molduras
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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