MARUPA (Simarouba amara)
Nombre comercial
Marupa
Nombre científico (con autor)
Simarouba amara Aubl.
Familia
SIMAROUBACEAE
Nombres Comunes
Stavewood; Simarruba; Roba; Pitomba; Pau parahyba; Pasa-ak; Paradise tree; Pao pomba; Mountain damson; Marupauba; Marouba; Malacacheta; Cuna; Bois de cayan; Bois blanc; Bitteresche; Bitterash; Assoumaripa; Adonichi; Simarupa (Guyana); Capulli (Ecuador); Marupa (Colombia); Simaruba (Colombia); Palo Blanco (Colombia); Chiriguamo (Bolivia); Amargo (Bolivia); Marupa (Perú); Xpasak; Tamanqueira (Brazil); Soemaroeba; Simaruba (Venezuela); Simarouba (Guyana); Paraiba; Parahyba; Olivo; Negrito; Megrito; Maruba; Guitarro; Cuña (Ecuador); Chiriuana; Cedro Blanco (Venezuela); Cedro Amargo (Ecuador); Aceituno (Guatemala); Caixeta (Brazil); Simarupa (Brazil); Adoonsidero; Walkara; Soemaroepa; Marupá (Brazil); Brazilian White Pine; Bitterwood; Acajou Blanc; Aruba
Nombres científicos sinónimos (con autores)
Zwingera amara (Aubl.) Willd.
DESCRIPCIÓN DEL ÁRBOL
Descripción botánica
It is reported to attain heights of 15 to 25 m, and trunk diameters of about 50 to 80 cm. The trees often develop straight cylindrical boles that are free of branches for more than half of the total height of the tree.
Hábitat natural
Simarouba amara is a pioneer species found in the drier areas of secondary forests. It presents abundant natural regeneration.
Distribución natural
This species is reported to grow all over tropical America.
IDENTIFICACIÓN DE LA MADERA
Descripción anatómica de la madera
Wood diffuse porous. Vessels solitary and in short radial multiples. Tangential diameter of vessel lumina 200 micras or more (large). Vessels per mm2 less than 6 (rare). Simple perforation plates. Vessel-ray pits similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. I Axial parenchyma apparent with the naked eye. Occasionally axial parenchyma in marginal or in seemingly marginal bands. Axial parenchyma aliform. Axial parenchyma confluent. Axial parenchyma storied. Prismatic crystals in chambered axial parenchyma cells and/o 4 to 10 rays per mm (medium). Rays and/or axial elements irregularly storied. Rays storied. Larger rays more than 4 seriate. Homogeneous rays and/or sub-homogeneous rays (all ray cells procumbent). Fibers with simple to minutely bordered pits.
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Foto macroscópica de la madera, plano radial
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Foto microscópica sección transversal de la madera
Disponibilidad
Status de protección por CITES
Unrestricted
DESCRIPCIÓN GENERAL DE LA MADERA
Olor
Odor is indistinct but it has a bitter taste when fresh.
Color
The sapwood is not distinct. The heartwood is whitish or straw colored.
Indice de Color (1= Negro, violeta; 7= Amarillo claro, blanco)
7
Grano
The grain is typically straight.
Veta
Texture is medium to coarse, and homogeneous.
Brillo
Luster is reported to be rather high.
Durabilidad Natural
It has very low natural resistance to decay, and it is susceptible to attack by termites and dry wood insects.
Indice de Durabilidad Natural (1=Muy alta, 7=Muy baja)
5
Internal growth stresses
Residual stresses present in the wood may cause the logs to split while sawing.
Dificultad para impregnar
This wood is very easy to treat, with good retention of preservatives.
PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DE LA MADERA
Densidad Básica (Peso anhidro/Vol. saturado) (g/cm³)
0.39
Densidad seca al aire (Peso y volúmen CH12%) (g/cm³)
0.42
Contracción Tangencial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
7.1
Contracción Radial Total (Saturado hasta anhidro) (%)
3.1
Calendario de Secado
JUNAC-A
Estabilidad Dimensional (Contracción Total Tangencial %/Contracción Total Radial %)
2.3
PROPIEDADES QUÍMICAS DE LA MADERA
PROPIEDADES MECÁNICAS DE LA MADERA
Resistencia a flexión (Módulo de ruptura) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
788
Rigidez (Módulo de elasticidad) CH12% (kgf/cm²)
85733
Resistencia a la compresión paralela a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
366
Resistencia a la compresión perpendicular a la fibra CH12% (kgf/cm²)
41
Cizallamiento radial CH12% (kgf/cm²)
54
Dureza Janka (lados) CH12% (kgf)
201
Dureza Janka (extremos) CH12% (kgf)
351
TRABAJABILIDAD
Aserrado
The wood has low resistance to sawing, but freshly felled logs may split due to internal stresses.
Corte de chapa rotativa
The very well shaped logs are reported to peel and slice easily.
Chapa tranchada
The very well shaped logs are reported to peel and slice easily.
Pérdida de filo_romado
Blunting effect on cutting tools is reported to be very slight.
Maquinado general
The timber is reported to work easily in planing and all machining operations to yield smooth and clean surfaces.
Cepillado
The timber is reported to plane easily and yielding smooth and clean surfaces.
Torneado
30
Clavado
Nail holding properties are described as fair to poor because of its softness.
Encolado
The timber is reported to bond well with all types of industrial adhesives.
Lijado
Sanding qualities are rated as good.
Acabado
Grain filling is reported to give the best surface finishing results.
Facilidad para herramientas manuales
The timber is reported to respond well to hand tools.
Usos Reportados
USOS FINALES (RESUMEN)
HOUSING GENERAL, boards, frames, panelling, fittings, FURNITURE AND CABINETS, common furniture, PLYWOOD AND VENEER, faces, Decorative veneer, TURNING, TOOLS, tool handles, PACKING, light packing, OTHER AND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS, handicrafts, shoes, matches, door core, moldings
VIVIENDA GENERAL
- 10 - Silica in Timbers
Tablas
- 13 - Dry kiln schedules for commercial woods. Temperate and tropical. Section III. Latin American (Mexico, Central, and South America) Woods–Conventional Temperatures
Marcos
- 16 - Woods of the World
Paneles
- 18 - W3TROPICOS Missouri Botanical Garden
Accesorios de madera
- 19 - Silica in Timbers
MUEBLES Y GABINETES
- 21 - Tropical timbers of the world. Part III-Southeast Asian and Oceanian Species.
Muebles comunes
- 23 - Handbook of Hardwoods
TABLEROS Y CHAPAS
- 25 - Directory of Timber Trade Malaysia
Caras
- 26 - Annual Review and Assessment of the World Timber Situation 1998-ITTO
chapa decorativa
- 28 - Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forest of Fiji
Torneado
- 30 - Embassy of Honduras in Japan
HERRAMIENTAS
- 42 - Utilización Industrial de Nuevas Especies Forestales en el Perú.
Mangos herramientas
- 43 - Maderas de Bolivia (Características y Usos de 55 Maderas Tropicales)
PALLETS_EMBALAJES
- 45 - Recopilación y Análisis de Estudios Tecnológicos de Maderas Peruanas
Envase liviano
- 46 - ECUADOR, Inventario y Aprovechamiento de los Bosques del Sur Ecuatoriano
artesanía
- 66 - Maderas latinoamericanas. VII. Caracteristicas anatomicas. propiedades fisicomecanicas, de secado, y tratabilidad de la madera juvenil de Cordia alliodora (Ruiz & Pav. Oken.)
Zapatos
- 70 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux de l`union francaise
Cerillas
- 71 - Proprietes physiques et mecaniques des bois tropicaux, premier supplement
Alma de puerta
- 76 - Descripción General y Anatómica de 105 Maderas del Grupo Andino.
Molduras
- 79 - Padronização da Nomenclatura Comercial Brasileira das Madeiras Tropicais Amazônicas, Sugestão
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